Thallophyta

Thallophytes are the simplest plants under kingdom plantae. Thallophytes do not contain different parts like stem, leaves, roots, etc. Hence, thallophytes do not have well differentiated body. Thallophytes are autotrophic in nature. Moreover, plants falling under thallophyta are mostly aquatic and are familiar by the name algae. Examples of thallophyta are, chara, ulva, spirogyra, Ulothrix, Ectocarpus, etc.

Bryophyta

In kingdom plantae, Bryophytes have well differentiated body. Therefore, plant body consist of stem leaves and root like structure. Roots like structures present in bryophytes are called rhizoids, Bryophytes lack vascular tissues i.e. xylem and phloem. Hence, conduction of water and nutrients is done by cell to cell diffusion. Nutrients and water are mainly absorbed from the surface where the plant body is present. Examples of bryophytes are Funaria, Marchantia, liverworts, etc.

Pteridophyta

In kingdom plantae, Pteridophyta has well differentiated body containing roots, stem and leaves. Moreover, pteridophytes possess vascular tissue i.e. xylem and phloem. Also, conduction of water and nutrients are done by vascular tissues within the plant body.

Cryptogams

Cryptogams is not a division under kingdom plantae but thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta fall under the category of cryptogams. Basically, cryptogams are those plants in which reproductive organs are not visible and they undergo reproduction through a tiny embryo called spores.

Gymnosperms

In kingdom plantae, Gymnosperms are non flowering plants. Moreover, fruits are absent in gymnosperms. Also, seeds in gymnosperms lack outer covering and easily visible to naked eye. In word gymnosperm, gymno means naked and sperm means seed. Gymnosperms are evergreen, woody and perennial plants. Examples of gymnosperms are pines, redwood, deodar, cycas, spruces, etc.

Angiosperms

Angiosperms are flowering plants and bares fruit. Moreover,fruits contains seed, and seed possess cotyledons and embryo. Cotyledons contains stored food. This food is used to provide nourishment to embryo during germination. Angiosperms are classified into monocots and dicot plants. Plants having one cotyledon in seeds are monocots, whereas, plants having two cotyledons in seeds are dicots.

Plantae: Angiosperms – Difference between monocot and dicot

Keywords: Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta,Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Cryptogams

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