Introduction to Complex Permanent Tissue

Simple permanent tissue and complex permanent tissue are formed when meristematic tissue lose their ability to divide and redivide after some extent. Complex permanent tissue contains different types of cells . It is classified into two types which are xylem and phloem. Thus, the two complex permanent tissue xylem and phloem together makes up vascular bundle. Hence, they are together known as vascular tissues.

Complex Permanent Tissue: Xylem and Phloem

Xylem

This complex permanent tissue is made up of different cells like xylem parenchyma, vessels, tracheids and xylem fibres. Xylem parenchyma is living cell whereas, vessels, tracheids and xylem fibres are dead cells. Function of xylem is conduction of water and minerals in the plant body. This complex permanent tissue transport water and minerals only in one direction from root towards the upper part of the plants. Tracheids and vessels are responsible for transport of water and minerals from root to upper part of plant, whereas, xylem parenchyma allows sideways conduction of water. Also, xylem parenchyma also allows the storage of food. Xylem fibres are found in between vessels and tracheids. Moreover, it provides mechanical strength to plants.

Phloem

This complex permanent tissue is made up of different cells like companion cells, sieve tubes, phloem fibres and phloem parenchyma. Phloem fibres are dead cells whereas, all others are living cells. Function of phloem is to transport food in all parts of the body. Sieve tubes are tube like structures having pores in its walls. Thus, the food material is transported through sieve tubes. Phloem fibres provides strength to plant. Phloem parenchyma is used to prepare and store food. Also, the chlorenchyma of phloem parenchyma prepares food by process of photosynthesis. Lastly, the transportation through phloem occurs in both directions.

This article is helpful for Class 9 Science Chapter 6 Tissue

Keywords Xylem, Phloem, Vascular bundle, Vascular tissues, class 9 Xylem and Phloem

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