CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Chemistry

• Unit I: Solid State
  Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors.
• Unit II: Solutions
  Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor.
• Unit III: Electrochemistry
  Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells, corrosion.
• Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics
  Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration,
  temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant,
  integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of
  collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment). Activation energy, Arrhenious
  equation.
• Unit V: Surface Chemistry
  Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids,
  catalysis, homogenous and heterogenous activity and selectivity; enzyme catalysis colloidal state
  distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic multi-molecular
  and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement,
  electrophoresis, coagulation, emulsion – types of emulsions.

[Unit I,II,II,IV,V – 23 Marks]

• Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
  Principles and methods of extraction – concentration, oxidation, reduction – electrolytic method
  and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron
• Unit VII: Some p -Block Elements
  Group -15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states,
  trends in physical and chemical properties; Nitrogen preparation properties and uses; compounds
  of Nitrogen, preparation and properties of Ammonia and Nitric Acid, Oxides of Nitrogen(Structure
  only) ; Phosphorus – allotropic forms, compounds of Phosphorus: Preparation and Properties of
  Phosphine, Halides and Oxoacids (elementary idea only).
  Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
  trends in physical and chemical properties, dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses,
  classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur -allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: Preparation
  Properties and uses of Sulphur-dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: industrial process of manufacture,
  properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only).
  Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
  trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and
  uses of Chlorine and Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, Oxoacids of halogens (structures
  only).
  Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical
  and chemical properties, uses.
• Unit VIII: “d” and “f” Block Elements
  General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition
  metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character,
  ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic
  properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation, preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and
  KMnO4.
  Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid
  contraction and its consequences.
  Actinoids – Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.
• Unit IX: Coordination Compounds
  Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic
  properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding,
  Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT; structure and stereoisomerism, importance of coordination
  compounds (in qualitative inclusion, extraction of metals and biological system).

[Unit VI,VII,VIII,IX – (19 Marks)]

• Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
  Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism
  of substitution reactions, optical rotation.
  Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in
  monosubstituted compounds only).
  Uses and environmental effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane,
  iodoform, freons, DDT.







• Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
  Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary
  alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols, mechanism of
  dehydration, uses with special reference to methanol and ethanol.
  Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic
  nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.
  Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.
• Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
  Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation,
  physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha
  hydrogen in aldehydes, uses.
  Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
  properties; uses.
• Unit XIII: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen
  Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
  properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
  Cyanides and Isocyanides – will be mentioned at relevant places in text.
  Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
• Unit XIV: Biomolecules
  Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccahrides (glucose and fructose), DL
  configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose,
  glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.
  Proteins -Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of
  proteins – primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures (qualitative idea
  only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes. Hormones – Elementary idea excluding structure.
  Vitamins – Classification and functions.
  Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA.
• Unit XV: Polymers
  Classification – natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation),
  copolymerization, some important polymers: natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon
  polyesters, bakelite, rubber. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.
• Unit XVI: Chemistry in Everyday life
  Chemicals in medicines – analgesics, tranquilizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials,
  antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines.
  Chemicals in food – preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants.
  Cleansing agents- soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

[Unit X,XI,XII,XIII,XIV,XV,XVI – 28 Marks]

Source and Credits: cbse.nic.in

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