Rutherford’s model explained that atoms revolve around nucleus in circular path. While revolving, electrons possess kinetic energy . Due to motion, energy from electron is continuously radiated. This suggest that electron must be losing energy continuously while revolving around nucleus. This may lead to fall of electron into the nucleus which will make atom highly unstable. This lead to failure of Rutherford’s model. Neil Bohr made modification in Rutherford’s model . In Bohr’s model, structure of atom was compared to planetary motion in which, motion of electron around the nucleus was compared to motion of planets revolving around sun.
Bohr’s model of structure of atom
- Electrons revolve around the nucleus in circular path. The circular path is called orbits or energy shells or energy level.
- An atom may have infinite number of orbits. Only few orbits contains electrons in them. These orbits are known as discrete orbits. Electrons present in discrete orbits have stable energies. Hence, electrons do not lose energy during the revolution due to which electron do not fall in nucleus. Hence, Bohr’s model explains stability of atom.
- In Bohr’s model, energy of electron is stable. But electron may undergo change in energy. If electron jumps from higher orbital to lower orbital or from lower orbital to higher orbital, in such case energy of electron changes.
- Orbits or shells are represented by alphabets K,L,M,N,….. Or by numbers n = 1,2,3,4,…….
After the confirmation of structure of atom through Bohr’s model, scientists put forth the distribution of electrons in the shell of atom.
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Keywords: Bohr’s model, CBSE class 9 Bohr’s model, Distribution of electrons in shell
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