Force is needed to carry, push or throw object. Or force is needed to change the shape or break the object. On macroscopic level, there are number of forces such as Muscular Force, Friction, Viscous Force of Liquids, and many other. Similarly on microscopic level, there are forces such as Electric Force, Magnetic Force, Nuclear Force, Interatomic and Intermolecular forces and many others. All these forces arise from very few number of fundamental forces in nature. These forces are Gravitational Force, Electromagnetic force, Strong Nuclear Force, and Weak nuclear force.
Gravitational Force
The force of attraction between any two bodies in the universe, raised due to their masses is called Gravitational Force. It is a universal force. E.g. Objects on Earth experience force due to gravity of earth. Similarly, satellite revolve around earth, earth and other planets revolve around sun, all these are due to gravitational force.
Electromagnetic Force
The force of attraction or repulsion between charged particles is called electromagnetic force. If the charges are in motion, then they produce magnetic effect. Similarly, magnetic field exerts force on charged particle. So, it reveals that electric and magnetic effects are inseparable. Therefore the name is Electromagnetic force. This force is much stronger than Gravitational Force. But net charge on matter is zero and hence matter is electrically neutral. Therefore electric force is zero and hence gravitational force dominates.
Strong nuclear force
The force that binds protons and neutrons in nucleus is called the strong nuclear force. Everybody knows that like charges repel each other. It means protons must be repelling each other with strong electromagnetic force. To bind the protons together in very small space, the strong nuclear force must be stronger than the electromagnetic force. And thus, strong nuclear force dominates the strong electromagnetic force. Studies showed that the strong nuclear force is strongest force in the nature. It is about 100 times the electromagnetic force. It is the force responsible for the stability of nucleus in the atom. Please note that the strong nuclear force exists only in nucleus. Hence, electrons did not experience this force. Recent studies have found that protons and neutrons are formed from much smaller constituents called quarks.
Weak nuclear force
We all know that gravitational force exists everywhere. Electromagnetic force exists between charges. Nuclear force exist within the nucleus. In contrast to these forces, the weak nuclear force exists only in certain nuclear processes such as beta-decay. In this process, the nucleus emit an electron and a neutral particle called neutrino. The weak nuclear force is weaker than strong nuclear force and electromagnetic force. But it is stronger than gravitational force. The range of influence of this force is very small, of the order of 10-16 m.
This article is helpful for Class 11 Physics
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Nice information. Where can I find CBSE 11 course?
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