NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

1. Match structures given in Column I with functions given in Column II.

Column I	Column II
(i) Stomata	(a) Absorption of water
(ii) Xylem	(b) Transpiration
(iii) Root hairs	(c) Transport of food
(iv) Phloem	(d) Transport of water
	(e) Synthesis of carbohydrates

Answer:

Column I	Column II
(i) Stomata	(b) Transpiration
(ii) Xylem	(d) Transport of water
(iii) Root hairs	(a) Absorption of water
(iv) Phloem	(c) Transport of food
	(e) Synthesis of carbohydrates

2. Fill in the blanks.

(i) The blood from the heart is transported to all parts of the body by the ________.

Answer: arteries

(ii) Haemoglobin is present in ________ cells.

Answer: red blood cells

(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of ________.

Answer: capillaries

(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of the heart is called ________.

Answer: heart beat

(v) The main excretory product in human beings is ________ .

Answer: urea

(vi) Sweat contains water and ________.

Answer: salt

(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called ________.

Answer: urine

(viii) Water reaches great heights in the trees because of suction pull caused by ________.

Answer: transpiration

3. Choose the correct option:

(a) In plants, water is transported through

(i) xylem (ii) phloem (iii) stomata (iv) root hair

Answer: Xylem

(b) Water absorption through roots can be increased by keeping the plants

(i) in the shade (ii) in dim light (iii) under the fan (iv) covered with a polythene bag

Answer: (iii) under the fan

4. Why is transport of materials necessary in a plant or in an animal? Explain.

Answer: Transport of materials is necessary because –

1. Continuous supply of food and water is needed for proper functioning of cells
2. Removal of waste material from the cell is needed, to prevent harm to body.

5. What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood?

Answer: During an injury, blood flows out of the skin through wound. Role of platelets is to make blood clots during injuries, this helps in prevention of flowing of excess blood out of the body. If blood platelets are absent in blood, then after injury blood will flow continuously out of the body, leading to death.

6. What are stomata? Give two functions of stomata.

Answer: Stomata are the small openings present on the leaf. Functions of stomata-

1. Exchange of gases i.e. intake of carbon dioxide and release of oxygen.
2. Transpiration in plants takes place through stomata

7. Does transpiration serve any useful function in the plants? Explain.

Answer: Transpiration is process in which water evaporates through stomata of leaves. Useful function of transpiration in plants –

1. Transpiration is necessary in removing excess of water from plants
2. Suction pressure, helps transportation of water in plant body
3. Lowers the temperature of plant

8. What are the components of blood?

Answer: Blood is composed of red blood cells (RBC’s), white blood cells (WBC’s), platelets and plasma.

9. Why is blood needed by all the parts of a body?

Answer: Blood carries nutrients from the digested food and oxygen to all parts of the body. Also, it carries waste product like CO2 from lungs out of the body during exhalation. It helps in balancing temperature of the body.

10. What makes the blood look red?

Answer: A red colour pigment present in the blood, called haemoglobin, imparts red colour to the blood.

11. Describe the function of the heart.

Answer: Human heart is divided into four chambers left and right atrium and left and right ventricles. Heart receives impure blood rich in carbon dioxide through right atrium. From here blood is pumped into right ventricle which undergoes contraction to pump blood into lungs. Lungs purifies impure blood and pushes it further into left atrium. From left atrium blood enters to left ventricle and is further passed to all parts of the body.

12. Why is it necessary to excrete waste products?

Answer: Waste products are produced in the body during various processes. If these are not removed from the body, they will cause harm to the body. Thus, it is necessary to excrete waste.

13. Draw a diagram of the human excretory system and label the various parts.

Answer:

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