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• Weather – The state of the atmosphere with respect to temperature, air pressure, wind speed, humidity, rainfall, and various other factors; at a given place and time is called weather.
• Elements of weather – temperature, air pressure, wind speed, humidity, rainfall and other
• Barometer – Device for measuring air pressure
• Anemometer – device that measures wind speed and direction
• Hygrometer – device used to measure humidity
• Climate – If we calculate the average of collected weather data over a long time such as few decades then we get the climate of that place
• Adaptation – in order to survive in climate and surrounding, organisms develop certain features, this is known as adaptation
• Adaptation in polar bears –
  • Have thick layer of fur covering the body
  • Fur is white color
  • Layer of fat is present under the skin to prevent from cold
  • The fur and the layer of fat provide so much heat that they have to walk slowly and rest often to avoid overheating of their body
  • When they undergo fast movement, they have to go swimming to cool down their temperature
• Adaptation in penguins –
  • Penguins have dense feathers and a layer of fat under their skin serving the same purpose
  • They live together in order to stay warm
  • Have streamlined body, webs on their feet which make them good swimmers.
• Tropical region – Region near the equator like India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brazil, Republic of Congo, Kenya, Uganda, and Nigeria. These regions are closer to the sun and are generally hotter than the polar regions
  • In tropical region heavy rainfall is experienced
  • Here large variety of living organisms plants as well as animals are found
  • In order to survive in such regions many animals develop shelter on trees
  • Different animal use different way to climb the trees. E.g. the red-eyed frog use its sticky pads on its feet for climbing . Monkeys have long tails to hold the branches of the trees. Well developed hands and legs help them to grip the branches.
  • The monkeys obtain food from fruits of the trees. The bird Toucan uses his long, large beak to obtain fruits from a weak branch on which can not support his weight. Predators such as lions and tigers have brown color which help them to hide in brown grass. The sensitive hearing, sharp eyesight, thick skin, sharp claws help them to catch their prey and thus obtain their food. The beard ape have silver-white mane, around its head from cheeks to chin. The animals are good climbers and so obtain their food usually on trees. This is the reason they don’t come on ground.
  • One of the animal living in tropical rainforest is the elephants. The long trunk is its nose with which it have strong sense of smell. Elephant also use its trunk for lifting up the food. Tusks are used to tear the bark of the trees. Large ears of the elephant are very sensitive to sounds in addition to this they also help the elephant to maintain their body temperature in such a hot and humid climate.