Back to Lesson

• Water cycle
  • Evaporation and transpiration: Water from sea, ocean, etc evaporates and forms vapors and reach high in air. Plants lose water in form of vapor through transpiration.
  • Condensation and precipitation: Water vapors undergo condensation and forms cloud. When clouds become heavy they fall in form of rain. If temperature in atmosphere is very low precipitation occurs, there is fall of snow or hailstones.
  • Absorption and percolation[Draining]: Water falling down in form of rain is absorbed on ground surface and drains through the soil, finally meets the ground water. Water from hills and mountains meet the flowing water. Underground and flowing water finally meets again the water resources like sea, ocean, etc.
• Forms of water – During the water cycle, water can exists in three forms – solid, liquid, gaseous. The snow and ice at polar caps, glaciers, and at the peak of mountains are solid forms of water. Liquid water exists in sources such as rivers, lakes, oceans, groundwater and others. The gaseous form of water exists in vapour and clouds.
• Ground water – Rainwater that seeps through the ground, get collected in empty spaces or cracks present in the ground and forms a reservoir of water
• Infiltration – Process of seeping of surface water into the ground is called infiltration
• Aquifier – water get stored between the layers of hard rocks below water table
• Depletion of water table – water table is depleting due to its continuous use and the reasons are tremendous growth in population, increase in industries, agricultural activities and more.
• Heavy rain – heavy rains increases the water level in the water bodies, like lakes, rivers, ponds, etc abnormally. This creates the situation of floods. Crops, houses, roads, buildings get submerged in the water.
• Drought – Incase of minimum rainfall the groundwater level goes down. This results in scarcity of water, known as drought. Drought results in to Without water soil becomes dry, crops doesn’t grow well. Cracks develop in dry soil. There is no production of food and fodder. Which leads to starvation of people and animals. Without water people live in harsh conditions.
• Conservation and management of water
  • Water is transported from pipelines, leakage in pipelines causes wastage of water which should be avoided.
  • Turn off the water tap after brushing teeth.
  • Repair leaks in water pipes at home
  • Water plants early in the morning or late in evening
  • Use waste water from the kitchen in the garden
  • Promote rain water harvesting
  • Use drip irrigation to water plants in the fields