NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science
Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum
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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum
1. What are the advantages of using CNG and LPG as fuels?
Answer: Following are the advantages CNG and LPG as fuels –
- Can be burnt directly
- Can be transported to long distances using pipelines
- Do not produce smoke when burnt
- Produce large amount of heat when burnt
2. Name the petroleum product used for surfacing of roads.
Answer: Petroleum product bitumen, is used for surfacing road.
3. Describe how coal is formed from dead vegetation. What is this process called?
Answer: Forests got buried under soil due to storms, floods, earthquake and other natural processes, millions years ago. As more and more soil get deposited, these got compressed over a period of time. Moreover, these got exposed to high temperature and pressure. Thus, under such condition these got converted into coal over a period of time. The process of coal formation from dead vegetation is called as carbonisation.
4. Fill in the blanks.
(a) Fossil fuels are ________, and___________ .
Answer: coal, petroleum, natural gas
(b) Process of separation of different constituents from petroleum is called__________ .
Answer: refining
(c) Least polluting fuel for vehicle is_________ .
Answer: CNG
5. Tick True/False against the following statements.
(a) Fossil fuels can be made in the laboratory.
Answer: False (F). Fossil fuels are obtained from deposition of plants and animals beneath the earth under high pressure over the period of million of year.
(b) CNG is more polluting fuel than petrol.
Answer: False (F). CNG do not produce smoke thus, prevents pollution
(c) Coke is almost pure form of carbon.
Answer: True (T)
(d) Coal tar is a mixture of various substances.
Answer: True (T)
(e) Kerosene is not a fossil fuel.
Answer: False (F). Kerosene is a fossil fuel, which is obtained from distillation of petroleum.
6. Explain why fossil fuels are exhaustible natural resources.
Answer: Formation of fossil fuels takes place when dead plants and animals get buried under the earth for millions of years under high pressure and temperatures. These conditions cannot be obtained in laboratories. Thus once these are finished, we won’t be getting them back. So, these must be used carefully.
7. Describe characteristics and uses of coke.
Answer:
- Characteristics of coke
- Coke is tough
- Coke is porous
- Coke is black coloured
- Uses of coke
- Coke is used in manufacture of steel
- Coke is used as a reducing agent in extraction of metals
8. Explain the process of formation of petroleum.
Answer: Formation of petroleum takes place, when dead organisms get buried in sea for millions of years ago. Over period of time layers of sand and clay get deposited over it, this creates high pressure, thereby leading in formation of petroleum.
9. The following Table shows the total power shortage in India from 1991–1997. Show the data in the form of a graph. Plot shortage percentage for the years on the Y-axis and the year on the X-axis.
| S.no | Year | Shortage |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1991 | 7.9 |
| 2 | 1992 | 7.8 |
| 3 | 1993 | 8.3 |
| 4 | 1994 | 7.4 |
| 5 | 1995 | 7.1 |
| 6 | 1996 | 9.2 |
| 7 | 1997 | 11.5 |
Answer:
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Chapter 5 – Coal and Petroleum