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• Nutrient: Materials required for growth and maintenance of the body
• Food: Nutritious things that we eat to obtain nutrients. Eg fruits, vegetables, cereals, eggs, meat, fish, dairy products, etc.
• Food from plants – Grains, fruits, vegetables, cereals, etc
• Different parts of plants are used as food

Part of plants	Food
Roots	sweet potato, carrot, radish, beetroot, turnip etc
Stem	potato, onion, sugarcane, coriander, ginger, garlic, turmeric etc
Leaves	cabbage, spinach, lettuce ,leaves of mustard plant, onion leaves
Flowers	cauliflower, pumpkin plant, Jasmine, sunflower
Fruits	apple, banana, watermelon, guava, mango, grapes
Seed	wheat, rice, maize, paddy, jowar, pulses, soyabean, groundnut, mustard

• Food from animals – milk, meat, eggs, chicken, fish, etc

Animals	Food
Cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, camel, yak, etc	Milk
Chicken, duck, turkey etc	Eggs
Goat, sheep, chicken etc	Meat
Fish, prawns, crabs etc	Seafood
Bees	Honey

• On the basis of food habits animals are classified into herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and scavengers
  • Herbivores are plant eaters
  • Carnivores are meat eaters
  • Omnivores eats all i.e. plants as well as animals

Herbivores	Carnivores	Omnivores
Animals that eats plants E.g. goat, cow, horse, deer, giraffe, butterfly, etc They also perform rumination	Animals that obtain food from other animals E.g. Lion, tiger, jackal, fox, eagle, snake, spider, Shark etc For eating they have sharp and pointed teeth, sharp claws and very strong jaws	Animals obtain food from plants as well as animals E.g. Human, Bear, raccoon, crow, chicken, lizards, rats etc. Have different kinds of teeth for eating plants and meat

• Besides three main categories animals are then classified into parasites, scavengers and decomposers
  • Parasites – Animals that live on or inside the other animals. E.g Tapeworm, flea, etc
  • Scavengers – Animals that feed on dead plants or animals. E.g. vulture.
  • Decomposers – decomposes complex organic material(dead plants and animals, waste material) into simple organic materials (iron, nitrogen). E.g. bacteria